Python Intermediate

Functions

def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):
    return f"{greeting}, {name}!"

def calculate_area(length, width):
    return length * width

# Lambda functions
square = lambda x: x ** 2
print(square(5))

Classes and Objects

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    
    def introduce(self):
        return f"Hi, I'm {self.name}, {self.age} years old"

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, grade):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.grade = grade
    
    def study(self):
        return f"{self.name} is studying"

student = Student("Alice", 20, "A")
print(student.introduce())

Error Handling

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")
finally:
    print("Cleanup code")

File Operations

# Reading files
with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()

# Writing files
with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, World!")